Immunoglobulin a binding protein

ABSTRACT

The subject invention concerns a novel polynucleotide sequence cloned from emm2.2 gene of a Group A streptococcus, Type II strain which codes for an IgA-binding protein, ML2.2. The subject invention further concerns the novel IgA-binding protein. A process for producing the protein is given. The invention also concerns the protein in an immunoadsorbent and as a tracer for use in measuring and purifying IgA. Kits are given comprising the immunoadsorbent and the tracer form of the protein.

This application is a division of application Ser. No. 08/330,515, filed Oct. 3, 1994, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,556,944, which is a division of application Ser. No. 07/813,584, filed Dec. 24, 1991, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,352,588.

This invention concerns a gene coding for a novel immunoglobulin A (IgA) binding protein from group A streptococci of Class II, a process for producing the protein by genetic recombination and the use of the protein to capture and measure IgA.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Group A streptococci are responsible for a wide variety of human diseases, the most common of which are nasopharyngitis and impetigo. Nearly all clinical isolates have the antiphagocytic factor, M protein, on their surface. This virulence factor displays extreme antigenic diversity within its amino-terminal region. It is these highly variable portions of M proteins which form the basis of the serological typing scheme which was formulated in the 1930s prior to knowledge of any structural detail (Lancefield, R. C., J. Immunol. 89:307-313 (1962)).

In recent years, the sequences of M or M-like proteins have been reported (Frithz, E., Heden, L. O. and Lindahl, G. Mol. Microbiol. 3:1111 (1989)). The M-like molecules are structurally similar to M proteins in that they exhibit significant levels of sequence homology; however, they are not considered to be M protein itself because an antiphagocytic property has not been formally demonstrated.

Group A streptococci can be divided into two major classes partly on the basis of their immunoreactivity with a pair of monoclonal antibodies directed to epitopes which lie within the relatively conserved half of M proteins (Bessen, D. and Fischetti, V. A. J. Exp. Med. 172:1757 (1990); Bessen, D., Jones, I. F. and Fischetti, V. A. J. Exp. Med. 169:269 (1989)). Class I isolates are defined as those binding one or both monoclonal antibodies, whereas class II isolates do not bind either monoclonal antibody. In addition, the classes differ in their ability to exhibit opacity factor activity, and in several pathogenic properties of these organisms (Bessen, D. and Fischetti, V. A. J. Infect. Dis. 161:747 (1990)). For example, nearly all serotypes found in association with major outbreaks of rheumatic fever are class I. The classes also differ in ability to bind IgA, with this activity being specific for class II. Obviously this property is important to the function of streptococci as the arp4 protein reported by Lindahl et al. (European Patent Application 367890), e.g., is from class II streptococci and the IgA-binding protein of Russell-Jones et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 4,757,134) is from group B streptococci.

Immunoglobulin A is an important component of the bodily response to pathogens and other disorders. An early mucosal immune response to invasion is production of antibodies of the A class and as a result, elevated levels of IgA can be found in extracts of infected membranes such as saliva, urine, feces and urogenital extracts. Certain disorders such as kidney or liver malfunctions and early cancer detection may also be correlated to IgA. Indeed the human body produces more IgA dally than any other antibody class.

Accordingly, reagents to capture and measure IgA have been sought.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Two M or M-like protein genes were cloned from a single streptococcus A class II isolate. It was discovered that the product of the downstream gene, hereinafter termed ML2.2, is a protein that exhibits IgA-binding activity. Described herein is a novel process for producing high quantities of this IgA binding protein hereinafter referred to as ML2.2.

The polynucleotide of the present invention comprises DNA of approximately 1.6 kb which codes for a polypeptide having the ability to bind IgA. The polypeptide is an approximately 36 to 42 kD protein expressed by a Group A streptococcus of the IIb class, or a fragment or equivalent of the protein. The polynucleotide has the DNA sequence given in SEQ ID NO. 1. The amino acid sequence of the protein product of the polynucleotide is also given in SEQ ID NO. 3. Most especially the present invention sets forth the polynucleotide sequence which codes for a polypeptide which binds IgA.

The present invention further concerns a plasmid comprising this polynucleotide sequence, preferably plasmid pML2-14.

According to the process of the subject invention, microorganisms which have been transformed with the gene coding for ML2.2 produce and secrete large quantities of the recombinant protein. Specifically, according to the subject invention, a suitable host, an Escherichia coli, for example, can be transformed with 1.6 kb DNA comprising the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 1. This sequence codes for the IgA binding protein of approximately 42,000 daltons designated ML2.2, whose amino acid sequence is also shown in SEQ ID NOS. 1 and 3.

The product of this process, ML2.2, may be used to detect the presence of IgA in a biological sample. To detect IgA, the sample is contacted with the protein under conditions for suitable for reaction, in the presence of suitable buffers and salts, for example, to bind IgA to the protein and the bound product is observed.

Most preferably the protein of the present invention is affixed to a solid surface, a microtiter plate, for example, or an inert bead such as polystyrene or latex to form an immunoadsorbent for removing IgA from a biological sample. IgA may be removed from a sample by contacting the sample with the immunoadsorbent under conditions which allow IgA to bind to the immunoadsorbent. Microtiter plates, for example, may be coated with the protein or beads may be packed into a column through which sample may be passed.

The present invention also sets forth a process for preparing essentially pure IgA from a biological sample, serum, for example, containing IgA. In this process the sample is then contacted with the immunoadsorbent comprising the protein of the present invention, allowing IgA in the sample to bind to the immunoadsorbent. The bound IgA is washed, preferably with a suitable buffer, to remove associated proteins and other contaminants. Finally IgA itself is eluted from the immunoadsorbent by buffers, electroelution or other method known to the art.

In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the protein is conjugated to a group suitable for being observed. Any such groups known to persons skilled in the art may be used. Enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase or peroxidase, metals such as gold or a member of the biotin-avidin binding pair may be used as labels.

The present invention also sets forth kits comprising immunoadsorbent wherein the protein of the present invention is affixed. Kits may also comprise the protein of the present invention labeled for use as tracers.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 gives the region of the T2/MR chromosome cloned and sequenced to produce the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO. 1. Arrows indicate the coding regions of emmL2.1 and emmL2.2. Positions of streptococcal DNA that were cloned into the M13mp19 (inserts from clones 9 and 11) and pUC18 (pML2-14) vectors used for sequencing are shown.

FIG. 2 gives the Western blot analysis of the cloned emmL2.2 gene product. Lanes 1 contain lysin extract of 29452, a streptococcal strain (type 22, class II) obtained from the Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Prague, Czechoslovakia, Lanes 2 contain lysin extract of T2/MR, a M-rich isolate of Group A streptococcal strain T2/44/RB4/119 (Class II) from the Lancefield collection (The Rockefeller University), Lanes 3 contain whole E. coli XL-1 cells and Lanes 4 contain whole E. coli XL-1 cells harboring pML2-14. Blot A is anti-coil6, blot B is human myeloma IgA, blot C is human IgG-Fc fragment and blot D is anti-peptide d240 to 260. The positions of molecular size markers (in kD) are shown to the left.

DETAILS OF THE INVENTION

This invention provides a novel recombinant protein and a novel gene and methods for producing this protein. The novel recombinant protein, and subfragments thereof, have affinity for IgA and can be used in a variety of assays and kits.

One aspect of the subject invention is a gene coding for a recombinant protein. The nucleotide sequence of this gene is shown in SEQ ID NO. 1. SEQ ID NOS. 1 and 3 also show the deduced amino acid sequence of the recombinant protein encoded by the gene shown in SEQ ID NO. 1.

The invention further concerns a recombinant polynucleotide sequence comprising a vector in which a DNA sequence coding for the subject recombinant protein, or a fragment thereof, expressible in a suitable host has been inserted. Thus, said vector encodes the novel IgA binding protein and/or a fragment of this protein with substantially the same binding properties to immunoglobulin A. Specifically, the vector may be chosen from plasmids, phage DNA, or derivatives or fragments thereto, or combinations of plasmids and phage DNA and yeast plasmids.

The invention also concerns a host infected, transformed, or transfected with a recombinant DNA molecule comprising a vector in which a DNA sequence coding for the desired protein, or fragment thereof, expressible is a suitable host has been inserted. The inserted DNA is characterized in that the DNA sequence codes for the recombinant IgA binding protein and/or a fragment of this protein with substantially the same binding properties to immunoglobulin A. Among the many suitable hosts that can be infected, transformed, or transfected with the recombinant DNA molecule according to the invention and thereby express this protein or fragments thereof are Gram-positive or negative bacteria such as E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, insect cells and yeast cells.

The various methods employed in the preparation of the plasmids and transformation of host organisms are well known in the art. These procedures are all described in Maniatis, T., E. F. Fritsch, and J. Sambrook (1982) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York. Thus, it is within the skill of those in the genetic engineering art to extract DNA from microbial cells, perform restriction enzyme digestions, electrophorese DNA fragments, tail and anneal plasmid and insert DNA, ligate DNA, transform cells, e.g., E. coli cells, prepare plasmid DNA, electrophorese proteins, and sequence DNA.

The DNA sequence of the subject invention can be most readily obtained by a person skilled in the art by isolating said DNA from Group A streptococcal strain T2/44/RB4/119, the M2 typing strain from the Lancefield collection (The Rockefeller University). The nucleotide sequences disclosed herein can also be prepared by a "gene machine" by procedures well known in the art. This is possible because of the disclosure of the nucleotide sequence.

As is well known in the art, the amino acid sequence of a protein is determined by the nucleotide sequence of the DNA. Because of the redundancy of the genetic code, i.e., more than one coding nucleotide triplet (codon) can be used for most of the amino acids used to make proteins, different nucleotide sequences can code for a particular amino acid. The amino acid sequences of the recombinant IgA binding protein and fragments thereof, of the subject invention can be prepared by nucleotide sequences other than that which is shown in SEQ ID NO. 1. Functionally equivalent nucleotide sequences encoding the novel amino acid sequence of these proteins and fragments can be prepared by known synthetic procedures. Accordingly, the subject invention includes such functionally equivalent nucleotide sequences.

Thus the scope of the subject invention includes not only the specific nucleotide sequences depicted herein, but also all equivalent nucleotide sequences coding for molecules with substantially the same antigenic, immunogenic, or therapeutic activity.

Further, the scope of the subject invention is intended to cover not only the specific amino acid sequences disclosed, but also similar sequences of proteins or protein fragments having comparable biological activity.

Preparation of nucleotide. Randomly sheared chromosomal DNA, derived from a low hemolytic colony of strain T2/44/RB4/119 termed T2/MR (type 2, class II) was cloned into lambda gt11 through EcoRI linkers and partially sequenced (Bessen, D., V. A. Fischetti 1990! J. Infect. Dis. 161:747-754). Plaques were first screened with anti-ColiM6 and then with M2 typing sera. Two clones were obtained: clones 9 and 11. Purified lambda gt11 replicative-form DNA containing inserts were subcloned into both M13mp19 and pUG18 vectors (FIG. 1). The insert from clone 11 was subcloned into pUC18 to generate pML2-11. The 1.6 kb PstI-EcoRI fragment derived from pML2-11 was ligated into pUC18 to construct pML2-14.

Nucleotide accession number: the nucleotide sequence encompassing the gene emmL2.2 coding for the IgA binding protein of the present invention is available from EMBL/GenBank/DDJB under accession number X61276. DNA sequence for the polynucleotide coding for protein ML2.2 is submitted on a floppy disk with the present specification.

Purification of polypeptide. Purification of a 34.5 kD fragment of ML2.2, containing IgA-binding activity was performed by growing E. coli containing pML2-14 to mid-log, and preparing a periplasmic fraction. The fraction was dialyzed in buffer containing protease inhibitors and then contacted with MonoQ and washed in 0.05M Tris (pH 8) containing 0.005M EDTA. The protein was in fall-through fraction.

The protein was affinity purified with immobilized human myeloma IgA and then eluted with glycine, pH 2.0. The first eluted fractions were re-applied to the column. Eluants were dialyzed and concentrated. Final purification was obtained by contacting eluant with mono-S in 0.05M NaOAc, pH 5.5 and 0.005M EDTA. Elmion was obtained in buffer containing gradient up to 1.0M NaCl.

DNA sequencing. Foreign DNA cloned into M13 and pUC vectors was sequenced by the dideoxy-chain termination method. Overlapping inserts were generated in M13mp19 by T4 polymerase digestion. Streptococcal DNA cloned into pUC18 vectors was sequenced because of the inability to clone the sense strand of major portions of insert 11 into M13 bacteriophage. The DNA sequence of pML2-14 is given in SEQ ID NO. 1.

The longest open reading frame for the emmL2.2 gene extends from nucleotide 1452 to 2567. The first 41 amino acids are homologous to signal peptides of other M and M-like proteins (Frithz, E., L.-O. Heden, G. Lindahl 1989! Mol. Microbial. 3:1111-1119; Gomi, H., T. Hozumi, S. Hattori, C. Tagawa, F. Kishimoto, L. Bjorck 1990! J. Immunol. 144:4046-4052). Therefore, the mature emmL2.2 gene product is expected to be 331 residues with a predicted molecular weight of 36,769; this size is in reasonable accordance with the 42 kD band expressed by E. coli harboring pML2-14 (FIG. 2, Lane 4). There is a single region of sequence repeats in the M2L2.2 protein, consisting of three 23-residue C repeat segments separated by two spacers (spanning amino acids 90 to 203).

Sequence identities. Amino acids 1 through 71 of the mature ML2.2 protein sequence display only very limited homologics to the ML2.1 protein located upstream or with other M and M-like molecules. According to maximal alignment of sequences by the Protalign algorithm, there is 53% amino acid sequence identity between ML2.1 and ML2.2 proteins, and the homology is located for the most part within their carboxy-terminal two-thirds. ML2.2 protein exhibits 82% homology to the deduced sequence of ennX, an M-protein of unknown function (Haanes, E. J., P. P. Cleary 1989! J. Bacteriol. 171:6397-6408) and appears to be transcriptionally silent in streptococci (Cleary, P. P., D. LaPenta, D. Heath, E. J. Haanes, C. Chen 1991! "A virulence regulon in Streptococcus pyogenes," In Genetics and Molecular Biology of Streptococci, Lactococci, and Enterococci (G. M. Dunny, P. P. Cleary, L. L. McKay, eds.), American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., pp. 147-151). Arp4 and ML2.2, both IgA-binding proteins, are only 56% identical in sequence, despite their similar functions.

Binding properties of ML2.2 protein. Whole cell lysates of E. coli harboring pML2-14 bind human myeloma IgA by Western blotting (FIG. 2, Lane 4). The gene product expressed by pML2-14 displayed several bands, many of which are likely degradation products of the major band at 42 kilodalton. Whole E. coli cells having no pML2-14 do not bind IgA. Also the lysin extract of streptococcal strain 29452 does not bind IgA although intact cells do bind IgA.

The emmL2.2 gene product, ML2.2 protein, fails to bind the class I-specific monoclonal antibodies which recognize epitopes in the C repeat regions of class I molecules.

The Ig-binding sites within M and M-like molecules have not been identified. The three M or M-like immunoglobulin binding proteins cloned and sequenced to date (Arp4, ProtH and ML2.2) have in common class H-like C repeat regions (Bessen and Fischetti 1990!, supra) and subtleties within the class II C repeat may influence Ig-binding.

It should be understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and that various modifications or changes in light thereof will be suggested to persons skilled in the art and are to be included within the spirit and purview of this application and the scope of the appended claims.

    __________________________________________________________________________     SEQUENCE LISTING                                                               (1) GENERAL INFORMATION:                                                       (iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 3                                                   (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:1:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 1560 base pairs                                                    (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown                                                          (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)                                              (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: CDS                                                              (B) LOCATION: 2..40                                                            (ix) FEATURE:                                                                  (A) NAME/KEY: CDS                                                              (B) LOCATION: 252..1367                                                        (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:1:                                        ATCTGCAGGTATGCTTGCTCTAAAACGCAAAGAAGAAAACTAAGCATTAG50                           SerAlaGlyMetLeuAlaLeuLysArgLysGluGluAsn                                        1510                                                                           ACTGATGCTAAAGCTAAGAGAGAATCAAATGATTCTCTCTTTTTGAGTGGCTAAGTAACT110                AACAATCTCAGTTAGACCAAAAAATGGGAATGGTTCAAAAAGCTGGCCTTTACTCCTTTT170                GATTAACCATATATAATAAAAACATTAGGAAAATAATAGTAATATTAAGTTTGTTTCCTC230                AATAAAATCAAGGAGTAGATAATGGCTAGACAACAAACCAAGAAAAATTAT281                         MetAlaArgGlnGlnThrLysLysAsnTyr                                                 1510                                                                           TCACTACGAAAACTAAAAACCGGTACGGCTTCAGTAGCCGTTGCTTTG329                            SerLeuArgLysLeuLysThrGlyThrAlaSerValAlaValAlaLeu                               152025                                                                         ACCGTTTTGGGCGCAGGTTTTGCAAACCAAACAGAAGTAAGAGCTGAT377                            ThrValLeuGlyAlaGlyPheAlaAsnGlnThrGluValArgAlaAsp                               303540                                                                         GAAGCTAAAAAAATGGAAGTAAAAGAAAGTGAAAAAGAGTCCCAGTAT425                            GluAlaLysLysMetGluValLysGluSerGluLysGluSerGlnTyr                               455055                                                                         AAGACGTTGGCTTTAAGAGGTGAAAATGCTGACCTTAGAAATGTAAAT473                            LysThrLeuAlaLeuArgGlyGluAsnAlaAspLeuArgAsnValAsn                               606570                                                                         GCAAAATATTTAGAGAAAATTAACGCAGAAGAAGAAAAAAATAAAAAG521                            AlaLysTyrLeuGluLysIleAsnAlaGluGluGluLysAsnLysLys                               75808590                                                                       CTTGAAGCAATTAATAAAGAGCTAAATGAGAATTATTACAAATTACAG569                            LeuGluAlaIleAsnLysGluLeuAsnGluAsnTyrTyrLysLeuGln                               95100105                                                                       GATGGCATTGATGCTCTAGAAAAAGAAAAAGAAGATCTCAAAACAACT617                            AspGlyIleAspAlaLeuGluLysGluLysGluAspLeuLysThrThr                               110115120                                                                      TTAGCTAAGACTACTAAAGAAAATGAGATTTCAGAAGCTAGCCGTAAA665                            LeuAlaLysThrThrLysGluAsnGluIleSerGluAlaSerArgLys                               125130135                                                                      GGGTTAAGCCGAGACTTAGAAGCTTCTCGTACAGCTAAAAAAGAGCTA713                            GlyLeuSerArgAspLeuGluAlaSerArgThrAlaLysLysGluLeu                               140145150                                                                      GAAGCTAAGCATCAAAAATTAGAAGCAGAAAACAAAAAACTAACAGAA761                            GluAlaLysHisGlnLysLeuGluAlaGluAsnLysLysLeuThrGlu                               155160165170                                                                   GGCAATCAGGTTTCAGAAGCTAGTCGTAAAGGTCTAAGTAACGACTTA809                            GlyAsnGlnValSerGluAlaSerArgLysGlyLeuSerAsnAspLeu                               175180185                                                                      GAAGCTTCTCGTGCAGCTAAAAAAGAACTAGAAGCTAAGTACCAAAAA857                            GluAlaSerArgAlaAlaLysLysGluLeuGluAlaLysTyrGlnLys                               190195200                                                                      TTAGAGACTGATCACCAAGCCCTAGAAGCTAAGCACCAAAAATTAGAG905                            LeuGluThrAspHisGlnAlaLeuGluAlaLysHisGlnLysLeuGlu                               205210215                                                                      GCTGATTACCAAGTTTCAGAGACTAGCCGTAAGGGTCTAAGTCGTGAC953                            AlaAspTyrGlnValSerGluThrSerArgLysGlyLeuSerArgAsp                               220225230                                                                      CTTGAAGCGTCTCGTGAAGCTAATAAGAAGGTTACATCTGAGTTAACA1001                           LeuGluAlaSerArgGluAlaAsnLysLysValThrSerGluLeuThr                               235240245250                                                                   CAAGCAAAAGCTCAACTCTCAGCGCTTGAAGAAAGTAAGAAATTATCA1049                           GlnAlaLysAlaGlnLeuSerAlaLeuGluGluSerLysLysLeuSer                               255260265                                                                      GAAAAAGAAAAAGCTGAGTTACAAGCAAAACTAGATGCACAAGGAAAA1097                           GluLysGluLysAlaGluLeuGlnAlaLysLeuAspAlaGlnGlyLys                               270275280                                                                      GCCCTCAAAGAACAATTAGCAAAACAAACTGAAGAGCTTGCAAAACTA1145                           AlaLeuLysGluGlnLeuAlaLysGlnThrGluGluLeuAlaLysLeu                               285290295                                                                      AGAGCTGAAAAAGCGGCAGGTTCAAAAACACCTGCTACCAAACCAGCT1193                           ArgAlaGluLysAlaAlaGlySerLysThrProAlaThrLysProAla                               300305310                                                                      AATAAAGAAAGATCAGGTAGAGCTGCTCAAACAGCTACAAGACCTAGC1241                           AsnLysGluArgSerGlyArgAlaAlaGlnThrAlaThrArgProSer                               315320325330                                                                   CAAAATAAAGGAATGAGATCACAATTACCGTCAACAGGCGAAGCAGCT1289                           GlnAsnLysGlyMetArgSerGlnLeuProSerThrGlyGluAlaAla                               335340345                                                                      AACCCATTCTTTACAGCAGCAGCTGCAACAGTGATGGTATCTGCTGGT1337                           AsnProPhePheThrAlaAlaAlaAlaThrValMetValSerAlaGly                               350355360                                                                      ATGCTTGCTCTAAAACGCAAAGAAGAAAACTAAGTCTTTAGAACTTGGTT1387                         MetLeuAlaLeuLysArgLysGluGluAsn                                                 365370                                                                         TTTGTAACGGTGCAATAGACAAAAGCAAGCAAGGCCAAAAACTGAGAAAGTCCTAAAAAG1447               CTGGCCTTTACCCCTAAAAATTAATGTTTTATAATAAAGATGTTAGTAATATAATTGATA1507               AATGAGATACATTTAATCATTATGGCAAAAGCAAGAAAAATAGCTGTATCATA1560                      (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 13 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2:                                        SerAlaGlyMetLeuAlaLeuLysArgLysGluGluAsn                                        1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 372 amino acids                                                    (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein                                                    (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:3:                                        MetAlaArgGlnGlnThrLysLysAsnTyrSerLeuArgLysLeuLys                               151015                                                                         ThrGlyThrAlaSerValAlaValAlaLeuThrValLeuGlyAlaGly                               202530                                                                         PheAlaAsnGlnThrGluValArgAlaAspGluAlaLysLysMetGlu                               354045                                                                         ValLysGluSerGluLysGluSerGlnTyrLysThrLeuAlaLeuArg                               505560                                                                         GlyGluAsnAlaAspLeuArgAsnValAsnAlaLysTyrLeuGluLys                               65707580                                                                       IleAsnAlaGluGluGluLysAsnLysLysLeuGluAlaIleAsnLys                               859095                                                                         GluLeuAsnGluAsnTyrTyrLysLeuGlnAspGlyIleAspAlaLeu                               100105110                                                                      GluLysGluLysGluAspLeuLysThrThrLeuAlaLysThrThrLys                               115120125                                                                      GluAsnGluIleSerGluAlaSerArgLysGlyLeuSerArgAspLeu                               130135140                                                                      GluAlaSerArgThrAlaLysLysGluLeuGluAlaLysHisGlnLys                               145150155160                                                                   LeuGluAlaGluAsnLysLysLeuThrGluGlyAsnGlnValSerGlu                               165170175                                                                      AlaSerArgLysGlyLeuSerAsnAspLeuGluAlaSerArgAlaAla                               180185190                                                                      LysLysGluLeuGluAlaLysTyrGlnLysLeuGluThrAspHisGln                               195200205                                                                      AlaLeuGluAlaLysHisGlnLysLeuGluAlaAspTyrGlnValSer                               210215220                                                                      GluThrSerArgLysGlyLeuSerArgAspLeuGluAlaSerArgGlu                               225230235240                                                                   AlaAsnLysLysValThrSerGluLeuThrGlnAlaLysAlaGlnLeu                               245250255                                                                      SerAlaLeuGluGluSerLysLysLeuSerGluLysGluLysAlaGlu                               260265270                                                                      LeuGlnAlaLysLeuAspAlaGlnGlyLysAlaLeuLysGluGlnLeu                               275280285                                                                      AlaLysGlnThrGluGluLeuAlaLysLeuArgAlaGluLysAlaAla                               290295300                                                                      GlySerLysThrProAlaThrLysProAlaAsnLysGluArgSerGly                               305310315320                                                                   ArgAlaAlaGlnThrAlaThrArgProSerGlnAsnLysGlyMetArg                               325330335                                                                      SerGlnLeuProSerThrGlyGluAlaAlaAsnProPhePheThrAla                               340345350                                                                      AlaAlaAlaThrValMetValSerAlaGlyMetLeuAlaLeuLysArg                               355360365                                                                      LysGluGluAsn                                                                   370                                                                            __________________________________________________________________________ 

We claim:
 1. A process for purifying IgA from a biological fluid comprising the steps of:(a) contacting said biological fluid with an IgA binding protein attached to an inert support under conditions suitable for reaction between said IgA binding protein and IgA, said IgA binding protein comprising residues 42 through 372 of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 3, wherein said IgA binding protein is capable of specifically binding with an IgA antibody; (b) washing said support to remove contaminants after the reaction of IgA with said IgA binding protein; and (c) eluting IgA bound by said IgA binding protein on said support.
 2. The process, according to claim 1, wherein said inert support comprises a bead composed of material selected from the group consisting of latex and polystyrene.
 3. The process, according to claim 1, wherein said biological fluid comprises serum.
 4. A process for detecting the presence of IgA in a biological sample, said process comprising contacting said biological sample with an IgA binding protein comprising residues 42 through 372 of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 3, wherein said fragment is capable of specifically binding with an IgA antibody, and detecting the complex formed by IgA bound to said IgA binding protein.
 5. The process, according to claim 4, wherein said IgA binding protein is conjugated with a detectable group selected from the group consisting of enzymes, metals, biotin, and avidin.
 6. The process, according to claim 5, wherein said enzymes are selected from the group consisting of alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase.
 7. The process, according to claim 5, wherein said metal is gold.
 8. The process, according to claim 4, wherein said IgA binding protein is affixed to a solid support.
 9. The process, according to claim 4, wherein said biological sample comprises serum.
 10. A process for removing IgA from a biological sample, said process comprising contacting said biological sample with an immunoadsorbent, wherein said immunoadsorbent comprises an IgA binding protein comprising residues 42 through 372 of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 3, wherein said fragment is capable of specifically binding with an IgA antibody, bound to an inert support.
 11. The process, according to claim 10, wherein said biological sample comprises serum. 